Vol. 8, Issue 1, Part A (2026)

Hand hygiene is the primary defense against infectious diseases, yet the frequent use of alcohol-based sanitizers often leads to skin irritation and environmental concerns. This has necessitated the development of herbal alternatives that are both safe and effective. This review evaluates the phytochemical profiles, formulation techniques, and efficacy of plant-based hand sanitizers through a systematic analysis of research from standard journals. The study focuses on plants such as Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), and Turmeric (Curcuma longa). Bioactive compounds, including azadirachtin, eugenol, and curcumin, demonstrate potent antimicrobial action by disrupting microbial membranes. Formulations enhanced with Aloe Vera and Glycerin provide superior skin hydration compared to synthetic variants. While herbal sanitizers are biodegradable and skin-friendly, challenges include the standardization of extracts and a slower microbial "kill time." Ultimately, herbal hand sanitizers serve as a viable, eco-friendly substitute for long-term hygiene, offering therapeutic benefits alongside disinfection. Future advancements in nanotechnology, such as nano-emulsions, are expected to further optimize their antimicrobial performance and stability for global healthcare applications.