Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin function, leading to disturbances in macromolecule metabolism. While conventional antidiabetic therapies exist, herbal formulations have gained attention due to their efficacy and reduced adverse effects. Mimosa pudica, Gymnema sylvestre, and Momordica charantia are traditionally used for glycaemic control, warranting further pharmacognostic evaluation.

Aim: This study aims to assess the pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical properties of ethanolic polyherbal extracts derived from Mimosa pudica leaves, Gymnema sylvestre leaves, and Momordica charantia fruits to identify bioactive compounds with potential antidiabetic benefits.

Methodology: Plant specimens were collected, shade-dried, and extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol as a solvent. The pharmacognostic analysis included morphological and macroscopic evaluations, while physicochemical studies involved total ash determination, acid-insoluble ash quantification, and moisture content analysis. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the presence of flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, tannins, and terpenoids in the extract.

Results: The study revealed positive results for flavonoids, phenols, coumarins, and tannins, indicating potential antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing effects. The physicochemical evaluation confirmed moisture content (0.00076%), total ash (0.0089%), and acid-insoluble ash (0.54% w/w), supporting the formulation's stability and purity.

Conclusion: The findings align with previous studies emphasizing the antidiabetic potential of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. While qualitative analysis supports their therapeutic relevance, future studies should focus on quantification, mechanistic investigations, and clinical validation to establish their efficacy in diabetes management.