Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

Though both the words "diabetes mellitus" as well as "diabetes insipidus" seem similar, there is in fact a difference between the two disorders. Diabetes insipidus (DI), which is known as arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) and arginine vasopressin resistance (AVP-R), represents an uncommon condition that results in overbearing secretion of extremely dilute urine and persistent thirst. It is also referred to as nephrogenic DI and central or neurogenic DI, respectively. The insufficient levels of ADH affecting the kidneys or the kidneys’ inability to adapt to it are the fundamental cause of DI. When somebody develops DI, their kidneys have no way to concentrate their urine, which causes the emission or huge volumes usually diluted urine. The curative treatment for DI does not exist. However, there are treatments that can lessen its symptoms, including reducing the body's production of urinating, calming thirst, and minimizing exhaustion. Untreated diabetes insipidus can cause complications for children, including delayed development and cognitive impairment. Children suffering DI can live an extended lifespan in good health if they receive therapy. The objective of this article is to provide a better understanding of DI diseases so that they might be prevented in the future by analyzing the various types of DI disorders, their genesis, epidemiology, prognosis, diagnosis, therapy, and management.